Do patients with chronic low back pain have an altered level and/or pattern of physical activity compared to healthy individuals? A systematic review of the literature

Flow chart of study selection procedure.

(a) Comparison of the overall physical activity level of adults (18–65 years) with chronic low back pain and healthy controls. (b) Comparison of the overall physical activity level of older adults (>65 years) with chronic low back pain and healthy controls.

(a) A comparison of the overall physical activity level of patients with chronic low back pain and healthy controls during the morning. (b) A comparison of the overall physical activity level of patients with chronic low back pain and healthy controls during the evening.

Methodological quality appraisal using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.